托福10月22日考试回顾 

Writing

重复2020.09.13/2020.08.26原题。

阅读：

American burying beetle数量下降的原因。

1. The pesticides which are used to protect crops from insects leak into the ground and might poison the beetles. 杀虫剂的使用

2. The cause of beetle decline is habitat fragmentation which suggests that the development of more land by humans has broken the continuous habitats into smaller areas. 栖息地的碎片化

3. Burying beetle may be wiped out due to its loss to an intense competition for food against small scavenger mammals since some of these mammals share the same food sources. 其他物种抢食

听力反驳：

1. The decline of beetles in the northeastern America started to appear before the introduction of pesticides. Also, beetle population in mid-western America survived for about twenty or thirty years after the widespread use of pesticides. 东北区域的农民在用杀虫剂之前甲壳虫就已经减少了。

2. In America, a number of beetle species have similar life mode and live in similar habitats but their population is not decreasing considerably even if their habitats have also been fragmented by human activities. 另一种相似的生存环境的昆虫不受影响。

3. The competition theory fails to consider some special features of burying beetle. For example, the beetle has a strong sense of smell and it can identify new food sources quickly and from a long distance. 甲壳虫的嗅觉十分敏锐，可以迅速发现远处的食物。

In some nations, students do not pay any tuition to attend universities. However, in other nations, students must pay to attend universities, and the cost of university tuition can be high. Do you believe that all nations should use taxes (money collected from citizens by the government) to fully fund universities so that students can study for free? Why or why not? 

开头段：A debate is under way about the cost of higher education since it has gone up steadily all around the world. Some people propose that all nations should make higher education at universities free, which seem too radical for me. 自从世界各地高等教育成本稳步上升以来，一场关于高等教育成本的辩论正在进行中。有些人提议所有国家的大学都应该免费接受高等教育，这在我看来太激进了。

First, in most advanced economies, university is a minority pursuit. Those who have post-secondary education tend to come from richer families, therefore it’s unfair to use taxes collected from low-income citizens to fund those middle-class individuals. 首先，在大多数发达经济体，上大学是少数人的追求。接受过高等教育的人往往来自较富裕的家庭，因此，用从低收入公民那里征收的税收来资助这些中产阶级个人是不公平的。

Second, the quality of college education might decrease. With potentially less money going into colleges and universities, faculty and staff salaries could decrease. Consequently, it would be hard for schools to hire professors who have strong academic abilities.

第二，大学教育的质量可能会下降。由于进入高校的资金可能会减少，教职员工的工资可能会下降。因此，学校很难聘用具有很强学术能力的教授。

Admittedly, making higher education free can benefit those who do not have the ability to pay for tuition and end up dropping out. Also, fewer students need to juggle work and school by doing some part-time jobs. However, the percentage is small and many universities offer financial aid to support students who are from poorer families. It makes more sense to me that government spend money to improve public secondary education, which can promote fair education. 诚然，高等教育免费可以使那些没有能力支付学费而最终辍学的人受益。此外，越来越少的学生需要通过做一些兼职工作来平衡工作和学校。然而，这一比例很小，而且许多大学为来自贫困家庭的学生提供经济资助。在我看来，政府花钱改善公共基础教育更有意义，这可以促进教育公平。

Speaking

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement that young people now are more socially active and outgoing?

点评：

这道题和2022.08.21的口语题非常类似。我们来看一下：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Peoples social skills have declined as their use of technology has increased. 所以我们依然可以沿用这道题的思路也就是年轻人的社交能力并没有提升，反而下降了。

参考回答：

I actually think that young people’s interpersonal skills are somewhat declining rather than improving.

This is mainly because increasing screen time leads to less time on face-to-face interaction. For example, nowadays young people are addicted to social media and live stream apps, therefore they prefer to crouch on the sofa scrolling down the short videos rather than meeting up friends. It seems a virtual world is more appealing to them. As a result, people are lack of the opportunities where they can practice their social skills like starting a conversation with strangers, eye contact, how to read and respond to other people’s non-verbal communication like facial expression and gestures. 

阅读：

学校应该增加校车的频次，可以减少学生们的等待时间，学生也不再需要自己开车。

听力：

女生说同意，首先会方便大家。比如，她要去校园的另一头上课，她如果等公交的话，她的第二节课就会迟到。她说现在已经开始自己开车了，但是停车费特别贵，如果校车更多，就不用自己开车可以省钱。

Product visioning

定义：对不同档次的产品进行不同的定价，将公司利润最大化。

听力：

比如说一些网络音乐平台，他们往往会收用户每月的会员费，让这些用户畅听。但是很多的时候这些公司并不会这样做，因为他们知道可以有其他的方法创造更大的利润。有的人只喜欢听严肃的音乐，因为他们是认真的倾听者。唱片公司会为这些人提供一个高端的一个版本。当然这些人收的月费也会比较贵。但是绝大多数普通人不需要这样专业的音质，因此唱片公司就收一个价格比较低的版本。

昆虫在沙漠的高温下存活的两种方法：

1. 动物身体有一个壳可以抵御太阳辐射。举例：有一种甲壳虫，它有一个圆顶的壳，在这个壳的下面有一些空间相当于一个气囊可以防止甲壳虫被阳光直接照射，从而保持凉爽。

2. 另一些动物进化出身体特征可以将自己的身体和沙漠隔开一段距离。比如一些甲壳虫有很长的腿，可以将自己的身体抬高，从而不必接触到滚烫的沙子表面。

Listening

暂缺

Reading

• 玛雅文明消失的原因

• 珊瑚白化

• 水坝的好处