GRE填空必考词汇之Indeed：Indeed又多又坑

Indeed 是填空中很爱考的一个逻辑连接词，在目前的机经中，一共出现过23次。

总结来看，对于indeed的考法一般有两种：

1. 句间的indeed (句间由句号或者分号连接)

SVO. Indeed, SVO

SVO; indeed, SVO

2. 句中的indeed

do indeed / be indeed

句间的indeed

SVO.Indeed, SVO或SVO;indeed, SVO结构在机经中出现了18次，在考察中占有绝对的多数。对其语义逻辑的考察都统一于【表示语气的递进】即“更进一步说”。

用于加强其前句的语义。也就是意味着两句话之间的语义方向相同，而在程度上还可能会有所加强。

Used when making a statement that adds to or strengthens a previous statement.

e.g. He likes to have things in his own way; indeed, he can be very stubborn.

这里indeed的理解不建议大家用“实际上，其实”来解读，因为很有可能会与in fact，in reality 混淆而导致读出了反义。

我们直接以真题来进行说明：

section55-7

There are many ways in which rat brains and human brains are _____. Indeed, rat brains are often used as generalized models for all mammalian brains, including our own.

空格需要填入形容词描述rat brains and human brains 的关系。

后句Indeed, rat brains are often used as generalized models for all mammalian brains, including our own.

进一步解释说明rat brains的作用即其与人脑之间的关系：常常被用作是所有哺乳类动物的脑子的模型，包括人脑。

Indeed前后的两句话的语义方向相同，所以空格填入正向词，rat brains 和human brains 之间存在相似之处。选择B. analogous，D. comparable.

句间indeed的考察，大量出现在三空题中。比如下面这题：

Section 46-5

Several studies (i)_____ the assumption that paper cups, because they were made of natural products, were more environmentally (ii)_____ than cups made of plastic (polystyrene). Indeed, these studies indicated that the environmental (iii)_____ of producing and recycling paper cups were similar to, if not more than, those related to the production, disposal, and recycling of polystyrene cups.

从宏观的句群结构来看，indeed 前后句所描述都主体都是several studies / these studies 对paper cups 都看法。两句话所表明的观点具有一致性。

Indeed 后句表明，producing and recycling paper cups were similar to, if not more than, … of polystyrene cups。即认为纸杯和塑料杯在生产，处理，回收上具有相同的性质，则可以反推出，纸杯与塑料杯对于环境的作用相差无几。

先做空格2：

Because因果关系，纸杯由天然产品（natural products）制造而成，所以比塑料（聚乙烯）制成的杯子在环境上更加(ii)______。既然是由天然产品制成，所以环境应该更无害，第二空要表达表达“无害”的含义，也就是“natural products”的特征，选择D. friendly。

再看空格3：

制造和回收纸杯的环境(iii)_____与生产、处理和回收聚乙烯杯子是相似的（similar）。这里说生产处理过程相似，因此他们的环境污染或危害是相似的，第三空表达污染、危害的含义，选项H. cost代价，最符合。
最后看空格1。

前面说纸杯比塑料杯子环境友好，后面说两者代价实际相似，前后的语义方向相同，所以空格1对于assumption做负动作，，表达反驳、否认的含义，选择C. dispelled（消除；使不存在；消散: to drive away or cause to vanish by or as if by scattering）。

综上选择CDH。

句中的indeed

do indeed / be indeed

这种indeed的语义一般 【用于加强语气】确实，实在

without any question – used to stress the truth of a matter

e.g. Water is indeed scarce and growing scarcer.

水资源确实是稀缺的，并且会越来越少。

此处的indeed，其语义就相当于certainly. 不会改变其修饰对象的语义方向。

由于其语义十分确定，并且只出现了5次，在这里就不具体举例了。

留一道题给大家练习，加强巩固填空中对于indeed的考察。

Section 147-6

During Nigeria\'s colonial period, the country’s Igbo societies had (i)_____ sense of gender distinctions, but the idea of a strict division of labor along gender lines (ii)_____. Indeed, the social roles of women and men were quite (iii)_____, based on what people did rather than on existential categories like gender.