Indeed 是填空中很爱考的一个逻辑连接词,在目前的机经中,一共出现过23次。
总结来看,对于indeed的考法一般有两种:
1. 句间的indeed (句间由句号或者分号连接)
SVO. Indeed, SVO
SVO; indeed, SVO
2. 句中的indeed
do indeed / be indeed
句间的indeed
SVO.Indeed, SVO或SVO;indeed, SVO结构在机经中出现了18次,在考察中占有绝对的多数。对其语义逻辑的考察都统一于【表示语气的递进】即“更进一步说”。
用于加强其前句的语义。也就是意味着两句话之间的语义方向相同,而在程度上还可能会有所加强。
Used when making a statement that adds to or strengthens a previous statement.
e.g. He likes to have things in his own way; indeed, he can be very stubborn.
这里indeed的理解不建议大家用“实际上,其实”来解读,因为很有可能会与in fact,in reality 混淆而导致读出了反义。
我们直接以真题来进行说明:
section55-7
There are many ways in which rat brains and human brains are _____. Indeed, rat brains are often used as generalized models for all mammalian brains, including our own.
![](https://www.gre.cc/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e-40.jpg)
空格需要填入形容词描述rat brains and human brains 的关系。
后句Indeed, rat brains are often used as generalized models for all mammalian brains, including our own.
进一步解释说明rat brains的作用即其与人脑之间的关系:常常被用作是所有哺乳类动物的脑子的模型,包括人脑。
Indeed前后的两句话的语义方向相同,所以空格填入正向词,rat brains 和human brains 之间存在相似之处。选择B. analogous,D. comparable.
句间indeed的考察,大量出现在三空题中。比如下面这题:
Section 46-5
Several studies (i)_____ the assumption that paper cups, because they were made of natural products, were more environmentally (ii)_____ than cups made of plastic (polystyrene). Indeed, these studies indicated that the environmental (iii)_____ of producing and recycling paper cups were similar to, if not more than, those related to the production, disposal, and recycling of polystyrene cups.
![](https://www.gre.cc/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e-41.jpg)
从宏观的句群结构来看,indeed 前后句所描述都主体都是several studies / these studies 对paper cups 都看法。两句话所表明的观点具有一致性。
Indeed 后句表明,producing and recycling paper cups were similar to, if not more than, … of polystyrene cups。即认为纸杯和塑料杯在生产,处理,回收上具有相同的性质,则可以反推出,纸杯与塑料杯对于环境的作用相差无几。
先做空格2:
Because因果关系, 纸杯由天然产品(natural products)制造而成,所以比塑料(聚乙烯)制成的杯子在环境上更加(ii)______。既然是由天然产品制成,所以环境应该更无害,第二空要表达表达“无害”的含义,也就是“natural products”的特征,选择D. friendly。
再看空格3:
制造和回收纸杯的环境(iii)_____与生产、处理和回收聚乙烯杯子是相似的(similar)。这里说生产处理过程相似,因此他们的环境污染或危害是相似的,第三空表达污染、危害的含义,选项H. cost代价,最符合。
最后看空格1。
前面说纸杯比塑料杯子环境友好,后面说两者代价实际相似,前后的语义方向相同,所以空格1对于assumption做负动作,,表达反驳、否认的含义,选择C. dispelled(消除;使不存在;消散: to drive away or cause to vanish by or as if by scattering)。
综上选择CDH。
句中的indeed
do indeed / be indeed
这种indeed的语义一般 【用于加强语气】确实,实在
without any question – used to stress the truth of a matter
e.g. Water is indeed scarce and growing scarcer.
水资源确实是稀缺的,并且会越来越少。
此处的indeed,其语义就相当于certainly. 不会改变其修饰对象的语义方向。
由于其语义十分确定,并且只出现了5次,在这里就不具体举例了。
留一道题给大家练习,加强巩固填空中对于indeed的考察。
Section 147-6
During Nigeria\'s colonial period, the country’s Igbo societies had (i)_____ sense of gender distinctions, but the idea of a strict division of labor along gender lines (ii)_____. Indeed, the social roles of women and men were quite (iii)_____, based on what people did rather than on existential categories like gender.
![](https://www.gre.cc/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e-42.jpg)
点击空白处查看答案
答案:BDG。